A recent surge in cases of HMPV (Human Metapneumonia) in China has brought back memories of the COVID-19 pandemic, with speculations on social media comparing HMPV to COVID-19 and the fact that it’s occurring in China.
However, experts have communicated that HMPV differs significantly from COVID-19 and is not a virus with pandemic potential.
According to health officials in the regions affected and the WHO report, the recent increase in HMPV cases in China and the UK is expected and typical during this season and time of the year.
The World Health Organisation (WHO) said it’s monitoring rates of flu-like illnesses across the Northern Hemisphere and has reported that it has not received any unusual reports of outbreak patterns from anywhere.
Read on to find out more about HMPV.
What Is Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV)?
Viruses are microscopic infectious agents requiring living cells to replicate and typically cannot survive long outside.
Some can last briefly on surfaces, like door handles.
Human metapneumovirus, for instance, thrives in colder temperatures and spreads easily in poorly ventilated indoor spaces.
The HMPV is a type of virus that affects the airways and is not a new threat.
It was first identified in the Netherlands in 2001 in the respiratory secretions of children and has been circulating for years.
HMPV typically causes mild respiratory tract infections.
However, in individuals with compromised immunity, such as premature babies, elderly adults, and those with underlying systemic diseases like advanced cancer, it can cause severe illness that can result in hospitalisation, and a small population may be at risk of dying.
Unlike COVID-19, which was caused by a novel coronavirus, HMPV is a virus that has been circulating for years.
This implies that there have been advancements in treatment development and human immunity against HMPV.
Symptoms Of Human Metapneumovirus And How It Spreads
The symptoms of HMP resemble those of the flu.
For most people, it includes:
- Cough.
- Fever.
- Blocked nose.
However, persons with a compromised immune system may experience more severe symptoms, such as:
- Breathlessness.
- Wheezing (unintentional whistling sounds during breathing).
HMPV spreads through:
Direct contact with an infected person’s secretions, including:
- Mucus
- Saliva
- Droplets from sneezing, coughing, or talking.
- Indirect contact through contact with contaminated surfaces.
Who Is At Risk?
- The elderly.
- Those with weakened immune systems.
- Little children below 2 years and premature babies.
- Patients with advanced cancer.
Prevention
To protect yourself from the Human Metapneumovirus virus (especially if you live in affected areas), follow these preventive measures:
- Maintain good hygiene: This includes regularly washing hands with soap and water. If at places where soap and water are not accessible, use a hand sanitiser.
Prioritise regular cleaning of surfaces.
- Practice respiratory etiquettes that include covering your mouth while coughing or sneezing. And wearing face masks to reduce transmission of the virus.
- Avoid close contact with people who are sick, especially those with respiratory symptoms. And when you are sick, stay home and avoid public spaces.
- Avoid sharing personal items, including your face masks, towels, cups, and other personal belongings.
- Adopt healthy lifestyle habits, including getting adequate rest, eating a balanced diet, and drinking enough water.
- If you notice you feel unwell or have flu-like symptoms, remember that early detection and treatment are key. Visit a hospital or consult a qualified healthcare professional as soon as possible to receive the necessary care and start your recovery journey.
Key Differences Between HMPV & COVID-19
- Fatality Risk:
Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV): HMPV has a relatively low fatality rate, affecting fewer than 1% of those in vulnerable groups, such as the elderly or individuals with weakened immune systems. In the general population, the fatality rate is approximately 0.1%, indicating a minimal risk of severe outcomes for most people.
COVID-19: In contrast, COVID-19 presents a significantly higher fatality rate, particularly among specific demographics. Individuals with underlying health conditions, the elderly, those with weakened immune systems, and premature infants are especially at risk, making it a more serious health threat.
- Transmission Potential:
HMPV: This virus is unique in that it solely infects humans. It does not have zoonotic characteristics, meaning it cannot be transmitted from animals to humans. As a result, HMPV lacks the potential to escalate into a global pandemic, providing some reassurance regarding its spread.
COVID-19: Infects humans and animals, leading to a broader transmission spectrum. Its ability to jump between species has contributed to its significant potential to cause widespread outbreaks and pandemics on a global scale.
- Management:
HMPV: The management of HMPV does not necessitate elaborate public health interventions. Basic preventive measures, such as regular handwashing, wearing masks, and practising physical distancing, are generally sufficient to control its spread. Presently, no vaccine is available for HMPV, emphasizing the need for these simple precautions.
COVID-19: In contrast, managing COVID-19 requires a multifaceted and comprehensive strategy. Public health efforts include widespread vaccination campaigns, strict quarantine protocols for those exposed to the virus, and advanced medical treatments for those who become severely ill. This approach is essential to mitigate the virus’s impact on public health.
Human Metapneumovirus is a common respiratory virus that can cause mild illness, similar to a common cold, or more severe illness, which can lead to hospitalisation and, in some cases, death in younger children below two years, the elderly, and people with underlying disease conditions.
Remember, HMPV is preventable. By practising good hygiene, avoiding close contact with infected individuals, and adopting healthy lifestyle habits, you can significantly reduce the spread of HMPV and protect yourself and your loved ones.
This message of hope and optimism encourages you to take proactive measures today to reduce the burden of HMPV and keep our communities healthy!
Note:
Pregnant women and adults aged 75 to 79 are advised to get the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine in the UK.
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